The Kommandostab Reichsfuhrer-SS, the Hohere SS and the Polizeifuhrer in occupied Russia, the infamous Einsatzgruppen in cooperation with Sicherungsdivisionen and rückwärtiges Heeresgebietskommando and its commanders, all of them are discussed in this book. Different services were in command in occupied Russia. With and against each other. Additionally this book discusses the colossal losses at the Eastern front and the German arms, with, for instance, the Czech arms industry's share. Final...

The many preserved collections of student notes from the early modern period – ranging from neatly maintained notebooks to barely legible scribbles crammed between lines of printed text – hold considerable but largely untapped potential as an historical source. At the same time, the analysis of these notes poses significant challenges for scholars. This book aims to be a concise and accessible companion for scholars interested in engaging with this young and burgeoning research field. Wri...

Old war debts never die, they just fade away.......

In 2015, Britain finally paid off a large war loan issued in 1917 to finance the First World War. In 2010, Germany made the last payments on some 80-year-old debts originally used to finance part of its reparations bill imposed by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.

These were exceptions. The vast majority of the debts made during the Great War have never been paid back, including billion dollar loans from the US to western allies. These debt...

Andris Kursietis has been a researcher of military history for over forty years, using resources that span the globe. This latest book, "The Last Tsar's Warriors" represents his largest project to date. The book provides information about the military careers of over 6,400 Imperial Russian generals and admirals that served the last Tsar, Nikolai II, during his reign 1894 - 1917, and also lists the order of battle of the Russian armed forces during those years. Included in Volume II of this bo...

In April 1988, the Vatican authorities provided a small sample of the Turin Shroud for carbon-14 dating of the alleged burial cloth of Jesus Christ. In October of the same year, coordinator Michael S. Tite presented the conclusion of the university labs of Oxford, Zurich and Tucson (Arizona) to the entire world press: the miraculous imprint of Jesus’ resurrected body on the shroud dated to 1260-1390 CE…

Even if we accept that the Turin Shroud indeed is a cloth from the 13th or 14th centur...

In guerrilla warfare such as the Indonesian War of Independence, intelligence is critical for achieving military success. No wonder, then, that the Netherlands and the Republic of Indonesia waged a grim intelligence war from 1945-1949 by means of espionage, infiltration and other – often extremely violent – methods, including the interrogation of prisoners. In addition, both Dutch and Indonesians set up – with varying degrees of success – an extensive alarm system to warn their own tr...

'Revolutionary Worlds' looks at the Indonesian revolution (1945-1949) from a local and regional perspective. In several contributions, Indonesian and Dutch researchers bring to life the revolutionary world from widely differing perspectives. The authors explain how Indonesian, Chinese, Indian and Eurasian civilians, fighters, farmers and officials experienced and shaped the chaotic period between 1945 and 1950. The book focuses on survival strategies, mobilization, and the use of force agains...

Heinrich Schliemann, a successful trader and amateur archaeologist who excavated Troy and Mycenae, kept multilingual diaries during his many travels around the world. In 1864, he set aside his trading business and embarked upon a year-long trip around the globe. This volume contains the portion of this trip in China and Japan, from April 1st to June 30th, 1865. Schliemann’s visit came at a curious time, when both China and Japan were going through tectonic shifts, very recently begun to ope...

Heinrich Schliemann, a successful trader and amateur archaeologist who excavated Troy and Mycenae, kept multilingual diaries during his many travels around the world. In 1864, he set aside his trading business and embarked upon a year-long trip around the globe. This volume contains the portion of this trip in China and Japan, from April 1st to June 30th, 1865. Schliemann’s visit came at a curious time, when both China and Japan were going through tectonic shifts, very recently begun to ope...

Tipping the Balance was inspired by love for the author’s birth-place, Warnsveld in Gelderland’s De Achterhoek; the seasons, small farmlets with golden fields, the leafy lanes and rivers flowing slowly through the landscape. Jenneken’s life is shattered when she learns that her mother Alida’s knowledge and use of herbal remedies is considered to be witchcraft and that she must undergo a weighing trial in Oude- water. Jenneken fears also for her own safety as she has followed her mothe...