In the aftermath of the Second World War,

Karl Popper introduced his concept of the

“open society”. Poppers focussed primarily

on communism and fascism. Nowadays,

communism and fascism have faded

away as the primary challenges for open,

democratic states, but new challenges have

come to the fore. Closed communities pose

a significant challenge and sometimes a

threat to democratic values. What are those

closed communities? This book presents

a diagnosis of those closed communit...

The Hungarian Yearbook of International Law and European Law comprises a collection of articles written mainly by Hungarian authors, covering developments in the field of international law and EU law, and progress in the domestic implementation and application of these fields of law. The thematic chapter of Vol. 9 (2021), entitled ‘Public Health Emergency: National, European and International Law Responses’, tackles different legal aspects related to dealing with the consequences of COVID...

It is August 26, 2015. A crucial day during the Conference of State Parties in Cancún, Mexico. 67 of the 69 member states of the Arms Trade Treaty vote for a location of the new Secretariat. Three candidate host states and their cities are bidding: Austria (Vienna), Switzerland (Geneva), and Trinidad and Tobago (Port of Spain). In the first round, Port of Spain wins with 32 votes, Geneva gets 21, and Vienna drops out with 14 votes. The second round, Geneva gets 35, scooping up all of Vienna�...

The Good Lives Model is an upcoming theoretical rehabilitation framework that is used increasingly in juvenile offender rehabilitation. This book provides in-depth knowledge about the Good Lives Model, its underlying theories, and how it differs from traditional rehabilitation methods. Furthermore it helps to gain a better understanding of the underlying causes of criminal behavior in juveniles, and the challenges they face in reintegrating into society. It combines state-of-the art theoretic...

This book deals with the topic of shareholder democracy from a comparative point of view. Shareholders have important rights which they can exercise democratically at the general meeting. They have the power to control and supervise management of the company. The term shareholder democracy relates to the different ways in which shareholders can influence or even determine a company's course of life. One of the disadvantages of shareholder democracy is a risk that most democratic systems face ...

In a growing number of countries, inquiries into past intercountry adoptions take place that identify systemic abuses and irregularities and conclude that adoption stakeholders encouraged or facilitated illegal intercountry adoptions. However, so far, the response from these stakeholders has been inadequate in addressing the profound human rights violations endured by those affected by illegal adoptions. Despite the growing movement of adoptees advocating for justice on behalf of themselves a...

This book is the last book Jan Lokin wrote. Lokin had written on and off about the theme of codification throughout his career. He started writing about codification in 1984 and returned to the theme with this book. The term codification itself was coined by Jeremy Bentham. So, it is a bit of an anachronism to use the term codification in connection with the law codes of Theodosius II and Justinian, but it nevertheless describes these codes very well, as Lokin shows. He studied the two codifi...

Invasive alien species constitute the greatest threat to marine biodiversity after habitat destruction. The problem today is growing tremendously, as the introduction of these species is accelerated by activities related to globalisation, such as trade, transport, and tourism. The current book presents possibilities to stimulate the international regime to address the problematic alien invasive species issue. Apart from the relevant multilateral environmental treaties and soft law instruments...

Atrocity Crimes, Atrocity Laws and Justice in Africa provides a detailed analysis of the law and practice of international criminal justice in atrocity situations within Africa. Using the framework of atrocity law and justice, it examines national, regional, and international trials for atrocity crimes, including trials before foreign courts, while paying attention to the challenges posed by extradition laws to the attainment of justice. The book also discusses quasi-criminal processes adopte...

Although the idea of arbitral tribunal’s mandate is in everyday use in the international arbitration scholarship, it remains an elusive concept lacking any legal definition. Often associated with other notions such as the tribunal’s mission, powers, authority or even jurisdiction, the meaning of arbitral tribunal’s mandate remains a moving target and escapes easy classification.

Yet, perhaps somewhat surprisingly, a non-compliance with the arbitral tribunal’s mandate provides a basis ...