The field of consumer online dispute resolution is going through important developments throughout Europe. New ODR providers are entering the field and a growing number of ADR bodies are relying on digital technologies to resolve consumer complaints. Also, consumers are increasingly resorting to online platforms to achieve redress. ODR has the potential to increase consumers’ access to redress by taking the procedure online. At the same time, the quality of cODR procedures remains a challen...

The EU Return Directive lays down minimum standards and procedures concerning the return of third-country nationals (non-EU nationals) illegally residing in a member state. To actually effectuate their return, the Return Directive provides for several instruments, such as the return decision, the entry ban and the possibility of detention.

In this study, the author has researched the merger of criminal law with immigration law, known as the crimmigration phenomenon, in relation to the EU Retu...

Provides an introduction to the subject that helps media, journalism and law students understand key concepts and aid their revision. This book covers the established principles and developments in media law, including privacy and confidentiality, defamation, contempt of court, reporting restrictions, freedom of expression, and more.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 66th Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space held in October 2023 in Baku, Azerbaijan, as well as the report of the IISL Standing Committee on the Status of International Agreements Relating to Activities in Outer Space.

Een belangrijke verandering in het recht in de afgelopen twee à drie decennia is de opmars van de gelaagde rechtsorde. Dit houdt in dat internationaal recht en transnationaal recht een steeds grotere rol spelen binnen Nederland. Deze ontwikkeling heeft invloed op traditionele onderwerpen, zoals de rechtsbronnen, indelingen in het recht (publiekrecht en privaatrecht, nationaal recht en internationaal recht), voorrangsregels en de techniek van rechterlijke rechtsvorming. Bovendien oefent de ge...

Diplomacy is a series of crises, and the navigational beacon for a nation is international law. This book is a collection of articles on six selected international legal issues concerning Japan. It addresses various issues, including self-defence, post-war legal issues, chemical weapons, the law of the sea, consular immunities, and hijacking. It is a legal documentary through which the reader can look into the minds of Japanese officials challenged by one crisis after another.

As a coherent wh...

The Aarhus Convention entered into force more than 20 years ago. It lays down the pillars of environmental democracy, that is a governance systems where citizens and civil society organisations are fully involved in the decisions affecting the environment we all live in. On the one hand the Convention drew on the experience of those jurisdictions where environmental concerns run deeper. On the other hand, once enacted, it was expected to bring about important changes in those jurisdictions wh...

In pluralist societies, corporate religious freedom might confl ict with other fundamental rights. Corporate piety might collide with LGBT rights, notably when a company’s management does not accept, either as em ployees or clients, individuals whom it believes to have ‘sinful’ sexual orientations. Secular companies may want to keep religion out of the workplace altogether, thus affecting individual religious freedom of employees.

In this contribution, Jeroen Temperman engages with such...

The adjective “private” in Private International Law (PIL) distinguishes PIL from its public international sibling but also confines its scope to horizontal disputes between parties otherthan states acting as such. But does this mean thatthese disputes implicate only the interests ofthe immediate parties and not the interests of the states involved in the conflict? The classical and still prevailing view of PIL answers this question in the affirmative. A contrary view, usually associated ...

Independence and impartiality are key to any judicial process. The dualistic nature of arbitration, i.e., being judicial and contractual, raises the question of how to set the standard of independence and impartiality in arbitration. On the one hand, arbitrators are decision makers similar to judges. On the other hand, they solve disputes outside the courtroom and are (often) appointed by the parties due to their individual expertise.

Against this backdrop, this book analyses the state of pla...