For centuries, humankind has sought to know itself through an understanding of the body, in sickness and in health, inside and out. This fascination left in its wake a rich body of artworks that demonstrate not only the facts of the human body, but also the ways in which our ideas about the body and its proper representation have changed over time.

At times both beautiful and unsettling, illustrated anatomy continues to hold our interest today, and is frequently referenced in popular culture...