Introduces classical Arabic philosophers through substantial selections from key works in each of the fields - including logic, philosophy of science, natural philosophy, metaphysics, ethics, and politics - to which they made contributions. It provides introduction situating the works within their historical, cultural, and philosophical contexts.

Originally delivered as a lecture in Paris in 1945, "Existentialism and Humanism" is Sartre's seminal defence of his original doctrine of existentialism and a plan for its practical application to everyday human life.